Initial target vision for multimodal traffic management ecosystem
Résumé
Within the context of climate change, transport is called to deep changes, through the next decades: a greener mobility is expected through Europe to mitigate the contribution of transport to GHG emissions and, conversely, transport will have to cope with increasing disruptive climate events.
In the context of ORCHESTRA, the collective aim is to enhance by 2050, traffic management by supporting optimal utilisation of the whole transport system and optimal traffic flows across networks and modes. Network capacities should be used in an optimal way, and transport service providers and network users (vehicles and vessels, CAVs included) should be supported to take the “right” decisions from a societal point of view. This includes the selection of the network and modes to use and the adaption to current and foreseen traffic situations. Network disruptions are also handled in a resilient way to limit the negative consequences and to restore the normal situation as soon as possible. Multimodal Traffic Management (MTM) will also facilitate the emergence of new mobility services.
A shared vision of what could be the 2030 and 2050 MTM Ecosystem (MTME) is necessary to base the coming works in the ORCHESTRA project, analysing the barriers, enablers, opportunities, acceptance, and social impact of its implementation. The MTME target vision gathers normative and subjective assessments from different sources: a literature review of policy documents; the expertise among the project participants; preliminary interviews with selected stakeholders; and two Workshops held with the ORCHESTRA Community of Practitioners (CoP) members on freight and passengers' topics in October 2021.
The rise of the MTM assume that several technological-related actions are activated by 2050:
·The deployment of an extensive data sharing on planned and ongoing transport operations as well as current and foreseen network and traffic situations.
·Digitalisation and new solutions supporting new traffic management measures and procedures as well as new business models that support sustainable decisions.
·Extensive decision support and automation of the traffic management to facilitate optimal decisions and resilience, including the support for the integration of CAVs in the traffic.
·The infrastructures equipment towards smart transport and the deployment of data spaces that allow the storage of big volumes of data and data sharing and processing in real time.
The MTM implementation also relies on particular frameworks and models that are prerequisites, such as:
·European and national policies, in the continuity of the strategic orientations about the Green Deal, the energy (included the decarbonisation), the single European Sky.
·Regulations from local to international levels (control rules)
·Legal frameworks paving the way for the required data sharing, e.g. the Data Governance Act and the Data Act.
·Standards defining data formats and exchange protocols
·MTM governance and organisation. Particularly, governance should prevent from a monopoly or an oligopoly that could possibly control all data and algorithms. Governance should ensure trust in data and algorithms.
·Viable business models for the transport actors.
Furthermore, societal aspects will play a key role in the acceptance of MTM which will rely on a set of specific issues. First, skills and training will facilitate the acceptance of the MTM solutions among the traffic managers. As the transparency is seen as a major ingredient for the MTM acceptance, issues of relevance ought to be assessed continuously through KPIs. By 2030, the trails through living labs and the publication of KPIs of the first experiments help to enhance the trust into the data sharing necessity. In 2050, a European MTME is implemented all over EU, involving citizens in innovations. To be accepted, the MTM must also prove its trustworthiness and demonstrate that it brings benefit to the society. Thus, the transparency on several issues is a major condition. Those issues concern in particular quantitatively assessable dimensions: the effects on the efficiency of the transport operations, on the GHG emissions, and the balance between the costs (investments, running costs and collective costs) and the benefits for each stakeholder. The transparency must also address dimensions such as: safety, security, privacy, decision processes in algorithms, ethics, inclusiveness, the land used by transport, and the coverage of both urban and rural areas.
This first target vision described in this report strengthens ORCHESTRA partners to suggest solutions for a polycentric and distributed MTME, which can be discussed to CoP members and be further refined in coming deliverables.
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