JULES JANSSEN, THE BIRTH OF SOLAR PHYSICS, THE FOUNDATION OF MEUDON OBSERVATORY AND THE MONT BLANC ADVENTURE (1875-1895) - LARA - Libre accès aux rapports scientifiques et techniques Accéder directement au contenu
Rapport Année : 2022

JULES JANSSEN, THE BIRTH OF SOLAR PHYSICS, THE FOUNDATION OF MEUDON OBSERVATORY AND THE MONT BLANC ADVENTURE (1875-1895)

Jean-Marie Malherbe

Résumé

Jules Janssen (1824-1907) is a well known astronomer. He introduced in 1868 the spectroscopic technique to observe permanently solar prominences. He also invented innovative methods in imagery and photography. This paper focuses on the period going from the foundation of Meudon Observatory, associated to the birth of astrophysics and solar physics in France, to the Mont Blanc saga, with the creation of the observatory and the three scientific ascents of Janssen to the top of the mountain. As most documents are written in French, this fantastic and unbelievable adventure for the end of the XIX th century, deserves to be related in English, and reveals the long term vision of Janssen's astronomy. It involved specialized instruments, located in well chosen places where atmospheric troubles are minimized. High altitude observations, at Mont Blanc (or from balloons also experienced by Janssen), prefigure space astronomy which will develop much later. Hence, Janssen appears as a precursor of modern astronomy, well ahead of his time.
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Dates et versions

hal-03961607 , version 1 (29-01-2023)

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  • HAL Id : hal-03961607 , version 1

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Jean-Marie Malherbe. JULES JANSSEN, THE BIRTH OF SOLAR PHYSICS, THE FOUNDATION OF MEUDON OBSERVATORY AND THE MONT BLANC ADVENTURE (1875-1895). Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL). 2022. ⟨hal-03961607⟩
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