Area Coverage in Heterogeneous Multistatic Sonar Networks: A Simulated Annealing Approach
Résumé
In this paper, we propose a Simulated Annealing (SA) metaheuristic for efficiently solving the Area Coverage (AC) problem in Heterogeneous Multistatic Sonar Networks (HMSNs). In this problem, which is new in the literature, the aim is to determine the optimal location for the various sensors making up an HMSN, which is a particular case of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSNs). HMSNs are made up of a set of acoustic buoys, or sonobuoys, dropped by an airborne carrier and which can be transmitter-only (Tx), receiver-only (Rx) or transmitter-receiver (TxRx). In particular, an HMSN consists of a set of active sonar systems in monostatic and/or bistatic configuration. The bistatic case refers to the pairing between a source from a Tx or TxRx buoy with a receiver from another Rx or TxRx buoy, which may be kilometers apart from the former. This contrasts with the monostatic case, referring to the situation where both the source and receiver are integrated within the same unit, specifically a TxRx buoy. In addition, in this work, we take into account a certain number of operational aspects such as coastlines, probabilistic detection models, an adverse effect called direct blast as well as variable performance depending on the source/receiver pair under consideration. Moreover, we also consider the possibility that some pairings might be infeasible due to inter-sensor incompatibility, for example because of different operating frequencies. Finally, we present numerical results in which we compare ourselves with a set of tailored Mixed-Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) for the same problem.
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